The contribution of local gravimetric geoid models to the calibration of satellite altimetry data and an outlook of the latest GOCE GGM performance in Gavdos

The use of geoid heights has been one of the available methodologies utilized for the independent calibration/validation of altimeters on-board satellites. This methodology has been employed for long in the Gavdos dedicated cal/val facility (Crete, Greece), where calibration results for the Jason satellites have been estimated, both for ascending and descending passes. The present work gives a detailed overview of the methodology followed in order to estimate a high-resolution and accuracy gravimetric geoid model for the wider Gavdos area, in support of the on-going calibration work. To estimate the geoid model, the well-known remove-compute-restore method is used while residual geoid heights are estimated through least-squares collocation so that associated errors are determined as well. It is found that the estimated formal geoid errors from LSC along passes 018 and 109 of Jason satellites, used for the bias estimation, range between ±0.8–1.6 cm. The so-derived geoid heights are employed in the determination of the Jason-2 altimeter bias for all available cycles (cycles 1-114, spanning the period from July 2008 to August 2011) together with the RioMed DOT model. From the results acquired the Jason-2 bias has been estimated to be +196.1 ± 3.2 mm for pass 109 and +161.9 ± 5.1 mm for pass 018. Within the same frame, the GOCE/GRACE-based geopotential model GOCO02s has been used to estimate the mean dynamic ocean topography and the steady-state circulation in the area around Gavdos. The so-derived DOT model was used to estimate the Jason-2 bias in an effort to evaluate the performance of satellite-only geoid models and investigate whether their spatial resolution and accuracy provides some improvement w.r.t. traditional local gravimetric geoids. From the results acquired with geoid heights from GOCO02s, the estimated Jason-2 bias deviates significantly from that of the local gravimetric model, which can be attributed to a possible mean offset and the low resolution of GOCE-based GGMs. On the other hand, when the newly estimated GOCE-based DOT was employed with geoid heights from the local gravimetric geoid model, the Jason-2 bias has been estimated to be +185.1 ± 3.2 mm for pass 109 and +130.2 ± 5.1 mm for pass 018.     

Estimating low resolution gravity fields at short time intervals to reduce temporal aliasing errors

The Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite mission has been estimating temporal changes in the Earth’s gravitational field since its launch in 2002. While it is not yet fully resolved what the limiting source of error is for GRACE, studies on future missions have shown that temporal aliasing errors due to undersampling signals of interest (such as hydrological variations) and errors in atmospheric, ocean, and tide models will be a limiting source of error for missions taking advantage of improved technologies (flying drag-free with a laser interferometer). This paper explores the option of reducing the effects of temporal aliasing errors by directly estimating low degree and order gravity fields at short time intervals, ultimately resulting in data products with improved spatial resolution. Three potential architectures are considered: a single pair of polar orbiting satellites, two pairs of polar orbiting satellites, and a polar orbiting pair of satellites coupled with a lower inclined pair of satellites. Results show that improvements in spatial resolution are obtained when one estimates a low resolution gravity field every two days for the case of a single pair of satellites, and every day for the case of two polar pairs of satellites. However, the spatial resolution for these cases is still lower than that provided by simply destriping and smoothing the solutions via standard GRACE post-processing techniques. Alternately, estimating daily gravity fields for the case of a polar pair of satellites coupled with a lower inclined pair results in solutions with superior spatial resolution than that offered by simply destriping and smoothing the solutions.     

发动机安装损失试验精确测温方法研究

直升机发动机装机后,一般都需进行安装损失的飞行试验,通过发动机进气温升与进气压损等数据的测量,利用发动机性能计算软件,分析装机状态下的发动机性能变化。UMA2000数据采集系统预设的蕈程相对于发动机温升的变化范围过宽,往往导致较大的测量误差,直接影响发动机安装损失的分析结论。通过在UMA2000数据采集系统引入偏置电压的方法,实现了发动机进气温升测量精度的大幅提高。     

基于区间灰数的分布式多目标航迹关联算法

 研究了存在系统误差条件下分布式多目标航迹关联问题,以异地配置的2D组网雷达为背景,分析了时变系统误差对雷达上报航迹的影响,将误差影响下的目标定位看做一种认知不确定性,并给出两种用区间灰数描述这一不确定性的方法。由此提出了一种航迹关联算法,该算法以区间相离度作为衡量航迹间差异信息的测度,建立灰色关联分析模型,并根据灰关联度排序给出航迹关联对。通过对算法的约束条件进行深层次分析,给出了使用算法的先决条件。在常见系统误差环境下的蒙特卡罗仿真结果表明,算法具有良好的抗差性能和较广泛的适用性。     

传感器参数误差下的运动目标TDOA/FDOA无源定位算法

在运动目标无源定位系统中，许多算法的前提是精确已知传感器的位置以及速度，但实际情况下可利用的传感器的参数均会存在一些噪声扰动。针对这一问题，提出一种改进的两步加权最小二乘（TSWLS）时差（TDOA）与频差（FDOA）定位算法。该算法是一种闭式算法并且分为2步。第1步与经典的两步加权最小二乘算法相同，第2步进一步研究了额外变量与目标参数之间的关系并且建立了新的矩阵方程。随后，利用加权最小二乘技术给出了最终解。理论分析证明了在测量噪声较小时该算法能够达到克拉美罗界（CRLB）。所提算法具有计算复杂度低，实时性高的优点；另外，经过适当的维度调整，该算法同样适用于对多非相交源进行定位求解。计算机仿真进一步证明了理论分析的正确性。     

地基雷达测量精度自鉴定技术

精度鉴定是保证雷达有效工作的重要保证，目前我国的雷达精度鉴定方法都是硬比方法，鉴定周期较长、协调工作量大。针对该问题，提出了一种通过跟踪一般低轨卫星实现地基雷达测量精度自鉴定的方法，设计了采用自鉴定方法校准雷达测元零值的技术方案，明确了数据处理流程，给出了关键数学模型。通过无噪声仿真验证证明了本文方法的正确性和有效性，通过有噪声仿真验证发现了测元随机误差与估计轨道参数间的相互影响和耦合效应，为后续工程应用和技术改进积累了经验。     

差曲面拓扑的齿轮啮合刚度计算与承载接触分析

基于齿条-齿轮等切共轭产形原理,构建齿面数值模型、ease-off差齿面,对ease-off蕴含的齿面啮合信息进行解析,获得了齿面接触路径、传动误差、接触线瀑布图;综合ease-off拓扑仿真与轮齿刚度非线性单元耦合解析,给出了修形拓扑齿面的啮合刚度、承载传动误差的计算方法。沿接触路径遍历接触线序列,获得了轮齿时变啮合刚度、承载传动误差与载荷分布图;给出了2阶抛物面对称与对角拓扑两种修形形式算例,求出了系列载荷作用下的啮合刚度、承载传动误差、齿面载荷分布。结果显示:随着载荷的增加,轮齿啮合刚度时变效应明显减弱;承载传动误差波动与啮合刚度、修形梯度密切相关;对角修形在啮合刚度、传动误差、载荷分布特性方面好于对称修形。      

带加热偏流的声衬对热声不稳定性的控制方法

通过实验方法研究了热声不稳定性极其被动控制方法。搭建了水平放置的Rijke管热声不稳定性实验装置,采用电加热的热丝作为热源。实验中发现加热功率及加热丝前后空气的温度比对热声不稳定性的发声强度有着一定的影响。实验中尝试了采用背腔和穿孔板结构的声衬对热声不稳定性进行控制。其中背腔中可以通入偏流空气,且偏流空气的流量、温度均可以调节。实验发现:背腔中通入偏流空气可以增强对不稳定性的抑制效果,且随偏流速的增加，控制效果变好。此外,发现提高偏流空气的温度对提高声衬对热声不稳定性的控制效果作用不明显。      

基于矩阵误差的流动自适应求解

为了构造一个网格沿流场特征方向进行分布,以保证整个流场的误差尽量均匀化的网格系统,本文对可压缩流动的自适应求解进行了研究.研究内容包括基于误差矩阵的流场特征探测方法和网格自适应方法.网格自适应方法包含网格移动、网格加密、网格稀疏以及这3种方法的混合.基于误差矩阵的流场探测方法能找到流场特征的主方向, 通过网格自适应使得网格按主方向进行分布,可以减少该区域的误差而得到高精度的解.以边为单位能使得该流场的误差尽可能均匀化.本文以捕捉激波为例,对该方法的过程及应用进行了描述,结果验证了该方法的可靠性.     

空间信号完好性监测技术研究

星基增强导航系统(SBAS)通过向用户提供用户差分距离误差(UDRE:User Differential RangeError),来保证广播星历和星钟改正数的精度。本文设计了UDRE的一种改进算法,建立卫星导航系统星钟和星历误差的状态方程和量测方程,进行卡尔曼滤波计算星历与星钟误差改正数与改正精度,通过滤波误差估计精度矩阵计算UDRE,并做了相应的仿真分析和比较,结果表明:改进算法能够对UDRE做出更好的估计来满足星历及钟差改正误差相对应的伪距误差的置信限值。